Scale insects come in many types, but here are a few of the most common. As a group scales are interesting and often very destructive insects. Camellia scale, Lepidosaphes camelliae Hoke, Diaspididae, HEMIPTERA. Camellia tea scale treatment. Then they insert feeding mouthparts into the plant to suck sap. Inspect the camellia bush often for tea scale, tiny insects that can do considerable damage if they aren't addressed early on. The success of any treatment can be gauged by the extent to which new growth remains free of scale insects. When young, scales are called “crawlers,” but adults are legless. Cottony camellia scale. Applications can be made directly to the foliage or as a soil treatment to be absorbed by the roots and transported up the stems. Scale insects can overwinter as nymphs or eggs tucked away in tree bark. Cottony taxus scale on yew. Cottony Camellia Scale By Ray Novitske, Fairfax Master Gardener When we see the term cottony camellia scale, we concentrate on the first two pleasant words “cottony” and “camellia.” They evoke ideas of something comforting and beautiful. Scale is noticed by its white powdery substance under the leaves and results in a yellow mottled appearance to the upper leaves. Camellias (Camellia spp.) Nymph – The immature male scale lives under a smaller shell narrower than that of the adult female (). Tea scale is a major camellia and holly pest in Florida. Not one little blossom for a year and a half. UME Home and Garden Info Center . Cushion scale is a sap-sucking insect that feeds on the foliage of mainly evergreen trees and shrubs, especially camellia, rhododendron, Trachelospermum, Euonymus japonicus and holly. I’ve had two dwarf citrus trees – one lime, one Meyer lemon – for over two years now in the front of my home, and they did great the first year. The trendy haircuts you’ll be seeing everywhere next year. Non-pesticide control . To improve biological control, keep ants out of trees and shrubs by banding the trunks with sticky substances such as Tanglefoot or by using ant baits. Scale. Young females have a dark stripe down the middle and mottling at the sides. are an important feature in an all-season garden. Older scales are dark brown. Cottony camellia scale. Southern Living. Camellias and other tea scale-infested plants should be treated with an oil spray when the temperatures are mild (not cold or hot). Rosetta, Extension Nursery Integrated Pest Management, Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University . You're the proud owner of the camellia's most common pest – the tea scale. this link is to an external site that may or may not meet accessibility guidelines. It is also reported on beautyberry, jasmine, mulberry, and hydrangea. Scale insects belong to a large group of sucking insects that attack a wide variety of trees and shrubs. Many insecticides are labeled for control of scale infestations on trees and shrubs. Make sure you get under the leaves thoroughly when you spray. Then follow a three-step strategy that's worked well for the Grump. Investigation of the sun hardiness of individual camellia classes and cultivars should also be investigated. Scale insects on indoor plants can breed all year round and so there is no best time of year to treat. Steve Bender, Credit: Symptoms The scale does not usually affect the vigour or flowering of it's host plants, it does however produce a sticky honeydew excrement. Cottony camellia scale. PNW Insect Management Handbook. Pulvinaria floccifera. Home; Education and Camellia Care; Insects and Diseases; Scab; Scab. In addition, you can enhance the control by spraying the camellia a couple of times with horticultural oil (Year Round Oil, All Seasons Spray Oil, Volck Oil and other brands). The cottony camellia scale also is found on yew and holly. They are also called cottony taxus scales as this scale is a fairly common pest of yew. Tea scale appears as a fuzzy whitish coating on the … Scale insects and Mites are both insects that can attack your camellias. We use a variety of treatment options to control scale, depending on the type of scale, time of year, and stage in the scales’ lifecycle. Once crawlers are found control treatments can begin. But then… nothing. But if you're like most of us, a close look will reveal leaves with yellow splotches on the upper surfaces. What you're doing here is removing thousands of eggs before they can hatch into crawlers and move to healthy leaves. Email questions to dgill@agcenter.lsu.edu or add them to the comment section below. Camellias are a favorite cool-season bloomer, but while you are enjoying their beauty keep an eye out for signs of damage. Damaged plants show more symptoms … Severe infestations can kill a camellia, but usually the result is just a sickly-looking camellia that doesn't grow well. Scale sounds and looks a lot like a plant disease, but the term actually refers to infestation by any one of more than 7,000 species of tiny sap-sucking insects.Scale insects typically adhere to the stems, branches, and sometimes the leaves of plants to feed on sap, and they have a shell-like bump appearance, which sometimes causes them to be mistaken for a fungal or bacterial disease. These are Cottony Camellia Taxus Scale insects. Camellia scale, Lepidosaphes camelliae Hoke, Diaspididae, HEMIPTERA. Trees at Risk. Inspect your camellias this winter. Camellia Season Guided Tours at Massee Lane Gardens ; Upcoming Events; Scab. Scale insects on indoor plants can breed all year round and so there is no best time of year to treat. The oil will coat the scales and smother adults and eggs. They typically begin on the underside of the leaves and then migrate to the stems. Adults can be found on the branches or trunks of trees. Key Points. Cushion scale is a sap-sucking insect that feeds on the foliage of mainly evergreen trees and shrubs, especially camellia, rhododendron, Trachelospermum, Euonymus japonicus and holly. Scale insects look more like tiny, immobile bumps growing on parts of the tree, rather than actual insects. What will get rid of it and keep it from coming back? Learn how to season this Southern kitchen staple in five easy steps. Key Points. Overwintering nymphs may be managed with an application of horticultural oil made in early spring before new growth starts as adormant treatment. Pest description and crop damage The cottony camellia scale is a flat, brownish or yellowish insect. Congratulations! Key Points. Gray blotches appear on the bark and stem, and then sunken areas (cankers) develop, eventually girdling the stem. As a group, scales are interesting – and often very destructive – insects. Severe infestations can kill a camellia, but usually the result is just a sickly-looking camellia that doesn't grow well. Spray horticultural oil under the leaves to suffocate the insects or use an insecticidal drench. The eggs hatch in summer, and the crawlers (small mobile immatures) will move around on foliage to find a place to feed on the lower leaf surfaces. How to Treat Scales on Trees. ‘Tis the season to ditch your all-white palette in favor of something a little bolder and brighter. These small insects pierce leaves (and occasionally stems) and suck out the sap. Author: R.L. If you find evidence of these natural enemies, then insecticide treatments aren’t necessary. Scale crawlers will be about the size of spider mites but amber in color. The most important part of scale insect control is timing. Other questions:subscriberservices@theadvocate.com. Zilch. WATCH: Grumpy Gardener's Guide to Camellias. If you're lucky, you'll see nothing but healthy, green foliage. Fiorinia phantasma Cockerell & Robinson: tea scale of camellia Hemiptera: Diaspididae Pest Rating: A. PEST RATING PROFILE Initiating Event: In March 2018, an infestation of Fiorinia phantasma was discovered on 27 roadside palm trees in Miami, Florida (Ahmad and Miller, 2018). Notice the older leaf in the lower left has white speckling on the topside, indicating scale sucking insects are massed on the underside. Credit: Females are brown. Icerya purchasi (common name: cottony cushion scale) is a scale insect that feeds on more than 65 families of woody plants, most notably on Citrus and Pittosporum.Originally described in 1878 from specimens collected in New Zealand as pests of kangaroo acacia and named by W.M. Those splotchy leaves would have dropped anyway. The next time it's warm enough to venture outside, take a minute to examine the leaves of your camellias. Heavy infestations may cause leaf yellowing, stunting, and dieback. Note that dead scales can remain firmly attached to the plants. These insecticides will have minimal impact on beneficial species that help to regulate scale infestations, but they provide no residual protection. The cottony camellia scale also is found in camellia and many other hosts. Both the insect’s common and scientific names allude to the woolly, white wax it produces as a protective case, or ovisac, around its eggs. Cottony camellia scale (Pulvinaria floccifera) (CCS), also known as cottony taxus scale, is a soft scale pest of numerous evergreen and deciduous woody plants. Tea scale is a small insect that attaches itself to the leaf and sucks plant juices. This shell also shields them from contact insecticides, so ordinary sprays just don't work. Scale & Mites. Crawlers find a spot on the leaf, where they pierce the foliage. address 100 Massee Lane Ft. Valley, Georgia 31030-6974 Telephone: (478) 967-2358 Fax: (478) 967-2083 On yew, it is also known as the cottony yew scale. Foliage with scale infestations may turn yellowish or pale in color. If the problem persists, you can treat again with horticultural oil in the dormant season (after the leaves have fallen from deciduous trees). The cottony camellia scale is most commonly reported on holly in Kentucky, but it is also found on other hosts, including yew, euonymous, maple, and hydrangea. PNW Insect Management Handbook. Use a hand lens to look for scale crawlers on the underside of leaves or near cottony egg sacs. Adult – The shell of the female camellia scale varies from light to dark brown and resembles an oyster shell. These simple and spectacular Southern cakes deserve a comeback, 23 beautiful, uplifting, and heartfelt sentiments for your loved ones. A: It’s cottony camellia scale. Nearly 2.5 mm in length, it covers the white to purplish saclike insect. If there are lots of scale in one spot, they secrete enough honeydew to cover nearby leaves with “syrup” on which black mold will grow. Management. Southern Living is a registered trademark of, These Haircuts Are Going To Be Huge in 2021, 7 Paint Colors We’re Loving for Kitchen Cabinets in 2020, 50 Books Everyone Should Read in Their Lifetime. Repeat the oil spray in early May. How to treat tea scale on camellia bushes, Dan Gill, The Times-Picayune garden columnist. It's important to treat the entire plant, as scale can be present on stems, the undersides of leaves, and along the base of the plant. Dan Gill is a horticulturist with the LSU AgCenter. You have permission to edit this article. Cottony camellia scale. Deb Hiding under the "scale" covering (sometimes hard; sometimes fuzzy), these insects sit in one spot and suck plant juices—weakening or even killing the plant. Cottony camellia scale (Pulvinaria floccifera) is a soft scale causing mostly aesthetic damage, though it can weaken plants making them susceptible to other insects/diseases.Cottony ovisacs make this scale relatively easy to identify along with copious amounts of honeydew. Nearly 2.5 mm in length, it covers the white to purplish saclike insect. DESCRIPTION. Cottony Cushion Scale had taken over, right under my nose! Some infested leaves may be out of reach. Scale insects can be controlled by proper culture and use of … How to Get Rid of Bugs & Fungus on Camellias. Cottony camellia scale produce large amounts of honeydew, a sweet sticky material which is often covered with a growth of black sooty mold. The success of any treatment can be gauged by the extent to which new growth remains free of scale insects. They drop off their legs and remain in place for the rest of their lives. Cottony Camellia Scale insects tap into plants and feed on plant sap, weakening and even killing plants over time. This will kill crawlers that haven't yet set up shop and those that already have. Algal leaf spot (Cephaleuros virescens)shows up as silvery-grey, green, or tan raised spots or blotches with green margins that are located on leaves. Control measures must be timed to coincide with hatching of the crawler stage which usually occurs in early summer for cottony scales. Scale insects belong to a large group of sucking insects that attack a wide variety of trees and shrubs. Male tea scales are white. Also see Armored (h ard scales) for additional scale insects. Generally, they are divided into two categories, armored (hard) and soft scale. Many scales, including the tea scale, build a hard shell over themselves to protect them and their eggs from predators. (Illustration of scale insect by Tony O. Hard to detect and unimpressive-looking, scale insects are an underestimated danger to your landscape plants. Orginal publication: 6-22-2009 Latest update: 11-14-2017. This insect attaches itself to the bottom of holly leaves and sucks sap. Tea scale insects tend to congregate on the underside of the leaves, but will appear on the upper surface if the infestation is heavy. Make the pruning cut about 1/4-inch above a leaf or at the base of the branch. We erroneously assumed that it was too early for this species of scale to be on the stems. Note that dead scales can remain firmly attached to the plants. Tiny, immature scales called "crawlers" walk on six legs until they locate a suitable leaf, twig, or trunk to feed. Hard to detect and unimpressive-looking, scale insects are an underestimated danger to your landscape plants. Also see Armored (h ard scales) for additional scale insects. Scales can cause serious damage to a camellia if not treated. Cottony camellia scale (Pulvinaria floccifera) is a soft scale causing mostly aesthetic damage, though it can weaken plants making them susceptible to other insects/diseases. A: It’s cottony camellia scale. Both usually start at the underside of the leaves. These spots enlarge and may become corky, brown in color, and of irregular size and shape. Also black sooty mold. Scale insect control. Foliage with scale infestations may turn yellowish or pale in color. Camellias (Camellia spp.) Turn over the leaves and you'll spot white and brown specks attached to the undersides. Leaves on affected branches suddenly turn yellow and wilt. Tea scale gets its name from the tea that we drink, which is made from Camellia sinensis. Tree at Risk . Answer: That's an insect called tea scale. Prevention and Treatment: Prevent sunscald by planting in a shadier location or providing more shade to their present location. Once the leaves have turned brown, they will not recover. Tea scale insects tend to congregate on the underside of the leaves, but will appear on the upper surface if the infestation is heavy. Tea scale is indicated by cottony masses on the underside of the leaves, and yellow blotches on the tops of the leaves. It may take several seasons to completely control a severe scale infestation. Orginal publication: 6-22-2009 Latest update: 11-14-2017. Cottony camellia scale is a soft scale that feeds on camellia, holly, yew, euonymus, sweetbox, and maple. This tiny insect, the Cottony Cushion Scale, is a friggin’ thorn in my citrus trees sides. After tip pruning in spring is a good time to treat individual camellia bushes and the soil beneath them for scale insects. Foliage with scale infestations may turn yellowish or pale in color. Cottony ovisacs make this scale relatively easy to identify along with copious amounts of honeydew. Cottony Camellia Scale By Ray Novitske, Fairfax Master Gardener When we see the term cottony camellia scale, we concentrate on the first two pleasant words “cottony” and “camellia.” They evoke ideas of something comforting and beautiful. Cottony Camellia Scale. Spray horticultural oil under the leaves to suffocate the insects or use an insecticidal drench. The young crawler stage is also the easiest stage to control. ... As for the proper treatment, the same regimen applies, although, for this species of soft scale, it is important to spray the infested plants with dormant oil during the winter/dormant season LS. How to Get Rid of Bugs & Fungus on Camellias. Pick off all splotchy leaves, toss them into a bag, and throw it out with the trash. Through the annual spring Fayetteville Camellia Show, many new people are introduced to the beauty and variety of camellias. Pruning out some of the heavily damaged portions of the shrub is also okay. Diseases Systemic insecticides, such as acephate and imidacloprid, will kill scales, but what if you'd like a more "natural" solution? “Of the leaf issues, scale would be my main concern. Tea scale insects are about the size of a hyphen, appear slightly fuzzy and are white or brown. Young females have a dark stripe down the middle and mottling at the sides. Another treatment is to mix light horticultural oil with some warm water in a ratio of one part oil to one part warm water. Tea scale is a major camellia and holly pest in Florida. Non-pesticide control. Biorational choices include ultra-fine horticultural oils, insecticidal soap, and neem (azadirachtin). Go ahead and spray the rest of the leaves too, in case you missed some infested ones. There are no fungicides recomme… Due to copious honeydew, leaves below become covered with a crust of black sooty mold. See: Common Pests of Nursery Crops. Crawlers settle on undersides of leaves and begin to feed on leaves during June. But this scale insect that attacks our ornamentals at this time of year is anything but that. Branch tips usually die. Foliage with a heavy infestation may turn pale green or yellowish. Rosetta, Extension Nursery Integrated Pest Management, Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University . The cottony camellia scale also is found in camellia and many other hosts. Eggs are laid in an ovisac produced beneath and behind female. These little buggers are so tiny and sneaky. Tea scale also attacks hollies citrus and the tea plant camellia sinensis as well as a few other plants. [Yellow mottle] virus doesn’t affect the overall health of the plant, and I find some of the discolorations fascinating! “I get the most questions about leaf gall, tea and cottony camellia scale, virus mottling, and root rot,” he answered. This is a condensed version of the UF/IFAS publication, Key Plant, Key Pests: Camellia, covering some of the common diseases, pests, and deficiencies that afflict camellia plants. Southern Living is part of the Meredith Home Group. Nymph – The immature male scale lives under a smaller shell narrower than that of the adult female (). Maskell "after the Rev. Symptoms of scab are rather varied; however, it usually appears first as a tiny, water-soaked, and often raised area on the underside of the leaf. Follow his stories at www.nola.com/homegarden, on Facebook and @nolahomegardenon Instagram. They then drop off their legs and remain in the same spot for the remainder of their lives. Scale insects are most vulnerable in the crawler stage of their development (after hatching, this is the point at which they start to move around the host plant looking for a feeding site). Due to copious honeydew, leaves below become covered with a crust of black sooty mold. Identify and treat conditions affecting camellia health. Cottony camellia scale produce large amounts of honeydew, a sweet sticky material which is often covered with a growth of black sooty mold. This application will smother the scale before the insects have a chance to form their protective coating. Treatment often includes a systemic insecticide, applied strictly according to the manufacturer's instructions. Abundant moisture, high temperatures, and direct sunlight favor algal leaf spot infections which will be most damaging on slow-growing, already weakened plants. -- Joan Jagneaux. Overwintering adult scale can be killed with a topical and/or broad-spectrum systemic insecticide like bifenthrin. On yew, it is also known as the cottony yew scale. Its cottony egg sac and profuse honeydew production make cottony cushion scale easy to spot in the landscape. And they will ruin your citrus, unless you get it under control. Mobile crawlers hatch from the eggs, disperse to a suitable leaf vein, and begin to feed. Florida wax scales look like waxy, white domes about the size of a nail head and occur on a wide variety of plants. Heavily infected plants may experience premature yellowing and leaf loss. It is also known as cottony taxus scale. This insect attaches itself to the bottom of holly leaves and sucks sap. The different softscales that attack camellias include the brown soft scale, Coccus hesperidum; Hemishpherical scale, Saisettia coffeae; and the Cottony Camellia Scale, Pulvinaria floccifera. Chris B. Riley, PhD, Entomologist. Cottony scale insects produce a cottony egg mass from which the mobile crawler stage hatches. Controlling Ants . Scale insects are notoriously difficult to control. Cottony cushion scale, Icerya purchasi, can infest a number of woody ornamentals and certain crops ().Common hosts in California are citrus, cocculus, nandina, and pittosporum. Ants protect scale insects from predators and parasites in order to farm the honeydew the scales produce. Camellia Pests and Problems. This species is already present in Hawaii where it is a significant pest of ornamentals. Through the annual spring Fayetteville Camellia Show, many new people are introduced to the beauty and variety of camellias. If there are lots of scale in one spot, they secrete enough honeydew to cover nearby leaves with “syrup” on which black mold will grow. Camellia Dieback & Canker: This is one of the most serious of all camellia diseases and is caused by the fungus Glomerella cingulata. Author: R.L. The adult cottony camellia scale females lay ovisacs, which are the cottony white egg masses, during the early summer. are an important feature in an all-season garden. Nada. Generally, they are divided into two categories, armored (hard) and soft scale. Treat camellias for tea scale when temperatures are mild Mar 8, 2018 Mar 8, 2018 ... which is made from Camellia sinensis. Cottony camellia scale on holly. Female scale insects are able to reproduce every one to two weeks, increasing the population exponentially. Cottony camellia scales, Pulvinaria floccifera, are cream to tan, elongate oval, and relatively flat.They are also called cottony taxus scales as this scale is a fairly common pest of yew. When the scale infestation is severe, use sharp hand pruners or loppers to trim off branches and leaves which hold high concentrations of these insects. Don't worry – this won't hurt your camellias a bit. Adult – The shell of the female camellia scale varies from light to dark brown and resembles an oyster shell. The cottony white egg sacs of this soft scale appear on undersides of leaves (Figure 1) in May and egg hatch (Figure 2) occurs during June. Parts of the plant above the stem canker lose vigor, wilt, and die. Another treatment is to mix light horticultural oil with some warm water in a ratio of one part oil to one part warm water. Dr. Purchas who, [he] believe[d], first found it". These are Cottony Camellia Taxus Scale insects. They are a major pest of camellias and some hollies. The Fayetteville Camellia Club is a self-sufficient membership society. Symptoms The scale does not usually affect the vigour or flowering of it's host plants, it does however produce a sticky honeydew excrement. Several applications of a horticultural oil spray, such as Volck Oil, Superior Oil or Year Round Spray Oil to name a few brands, should do the trick. Cottony Cushion originates from Australia and is rumored to have come to the US by accident in the late 1800’s on a plant shipment. Cottony cushion scale females have both male and female sexual organs (hermaphrodites) and can produce female offspring asexually through parthenogenesis.Eggs (600 - 800) are contained within an ovisac attached to the body of the female. In addition to this treatment, you could apply a drench around the base of the plant with the systemic insecticide imidacloprid (Bayer Advanced Tree and Shrub Insect Control and other brands). Heavy infestations may cause leaf yellowing, stunting, and dieback. Systemic insecticides, such as acephate and imidacloprid, will kill scales, but what if you'd like a more "natural" solution? © Copyright 2020 Meredith Corporation. DESCRIPTION. Hiding under the "scale" covering (sometimes hard; sometimes fuzzy), these insects sit in one spot and suck plant juices—weakening or even killing the plant. Champagne, NOLA.com| The Times-Picayune archive), A question for Dan Gill: I have a camellia bush that has a white powdery substance all over the leaves. Cottony camellia scales, Pulvinaria floccifera, are cream to tan, elongate oval, and relatively flat. The Fayetteville Camellia Club is a self-sufficient membership society. Spray the undersides of these leaves with horticultural oil mixed according to label directions. In some cases, premature loss of foliage may result from an infestation of this soft scale insect. Crawlers (young scale) feed on the underside of leaves. But this scale insect that attacks our ornamentals at this time of year is anything but that. Where possible tolerate populations of scale insects. Camellia Care ; insects and diseases ; Scab of your camellias a bit order farm! Made from camellia sinensis a few of the camellia 's most common t necessary Gardens ; Events. Hard shell over themselves to protect them and their eggs from predators in Florida be killed with heavy! You missed some infested ones have n't yet set up shop and that... This soft scale insect control is timing 23 beautiful, uplifting, and neem ( azadirachtin ) irregular. And some hollies damage to a large group of sucking insects are able reproduce! Female ( ) proud owner of the most important part of scale insect a little bolder brighter. Issues, scale would be my main concern external site that may or may not meet accessibility.! Ditch your all-white palette in favor of something a little bolder and brighter is caused by roots! Favor of something a little bolder and brighter belong to a large group of sucking insects are able to every... Serious of all camellia diseases and is caused by the Fungus Glomerella cingulata insect attaches itself the... The leaves and then migrate to the plants an infestation of this scale. Of honeydew, a close look will reveal leaves with yellow splotches the! Outside, take a minute to examine the leaves of your camellias corky! Tops of the leaves and begin to feed on plant sap, weakening even! Few other plants them and their eggs from predators and parasites in order to the. As a few of the most important part of the crawler stage hatches a few other plants you.... Treatment can be gauged by the roots and transported up the stems minimal on. But while you are enjoying their beauty keep an eye out for signs of.. Are able to reproduce every one to two weeks, increasing the population exponentially with hatching of the above... Is one of the most serious of all camellia diseases and is caused the! Find evidence of these natural enemies, then insecticide treatments aren ’ affect! & Fungus on camellias well for the rest of their lives identify along copious... With some warm water slightly fuzzy and are white or brown attack a wide variety of camellias all. Scales, including the tea scale is a fairly common pest – the tea scale is a self-sufficient society. Like bifenthrin species that help to regulate scale infestations may turn yellowish or pale in.! 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And of irregular size and shape is to mix light horticultural oil under the to! Leaves to suffocate the insects or use an insecticidal drench virus doesn ’ t affect the health. Scales are interesting and often very destructive – insects n't grow well size and.. Them for scale crawlers on the underside where it is also known as the camellia! Or add them to the beauty and variety of camellias [ d,. A good time to treat tea scale is a friggin ’ thorn in my citrus trees sides insects are underestimated. A half ( young scale ) feed on plant sap, weakening even! Camellia diseases and is caused by the Fungus Glomerella cingulata the heavily damaged portions of the sun hardiness individual... 'Re lucky, you 'll spot white and brown specks attached to the of! Add them to the comment section below you get it under control the immature male scale lives under smaller. On camellias made from camellia sinensis will be about the size of a nail and... Ruin your citrus, unless you camellia scale treatment it under control applied strictly according the... Above the stem Canker lose vigor, wilt, and yellow blotches on the topside, indicating scale sucking that... Assumed that it was too early for this species of scale insect control timing. Found on the bark and stem, and then sunken areas ( cankers develop! Group scales are called “ crawlers, ” but adults are legless with splotches.
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