Author has 535 answers and 3M answer views Bakelite is an early polymer, comprised of a phenol-formaldehyde mixture, with Phenol being derived from coal tar, and Formaldehyde derived from methanol… Bakelite is first made synthetic resin which was used for commercial purposes. This reaction creates even more heat until a cooling process is triggered. Let us check out the various properties and uses of Bakelite. Bakelite set to rigid, hard, scratch resistant, in fusible, water resistance, insoluble solids, which are resistance to non-oxidising acids and many organic solvents. The condensation reaction of formation of Bakelite is extremely exothermic (or) a water molecule is lost for the cooling process. A condensation polymerization reaction of phenol and formaldehyde results in the formation of Bakelite. For thousands of years, humans used stone to fashion tools. A combination of formaldehyde and phenol leads to Bakelite. One or more users have flagged this content as inappropriate. Bakelite is the first plastic product to be put into industrial production. Ortho and parahydroxyl benzyl alcohol formation by the mixture of reactants of formaldehyde and phenol. (2016). It can also be made into different colours, but this depends on filler that it is mixed with during the manufacturing process. When the phenol and formaldehyde are mixed together, the reaction of the the chemicals under the correct pressure and temperature creates this amazing, hard plastic. To get to the History of Bakelite we must travel back in time to the year 1907 when a Belgian-born chemist, Leo Bakeland came up with a process of combining Phenol with formaldehyde resin. Bakelite is a plastic that is used for making many products, ranging from telephones, electrical gadgets, jewelry, to saucepan handles.
Bakelite is an early polymer, comprised of a phenol-formaldehyde mixture, with Phenol being derived from coal tar, and Formaldehyde derived from methanol. Jump to navigation Jump to search. Polymers has high molecular mass. E-mail: [email protected] ... After further reaction, an insoluble and infusible body structure C-stage resin, also known as insoluble phenolic resin, is obtained. Elvenkrafte.com. It is a thermosetting phenol-formaldehyde resin formed by the condensation reaction of phenol with formaldehyde. H2O is drawn off during the process which results in a viscous, syrup-like resin that will be processed further in order to enhance certain desired qualities in the material. Besides fillers, the curing process could be accelerated by catalyst. The condensation reaction of phenol with formaldehyde in the presence of acid or base as catalyst. A synthetic resin that is made from synthetic substances is Bakelite. Some examples of polymers are polythene, bakelite, rubber, etc. Bakelite | chemical compound. Bakelite is an early plastic, created in 1907. Change ), You are commenting using your Facebook account. In general, the cross-linking agent is phenol when excess of phenol is taken. So, we can, in general, say that Bakelite is a condensation polymer or a phenolic resin. B Bakelite was the first truly synthetic, as well as the first commercially produced, synthetic resin. Write the names of the monomers of the following polymers: (a) Bakelite (b) Nylon - 6,6 Plastic and Bakelite are both organic polymers, having a very large molecular weight though there exists a difference between the two based on their properties and usage. Authentic bakelite jewelry can sell for thousands of dollars, so it's important you learn how to tell the difference between genuine and imposter plastic jewelry. Some 5,000 years ago, we learned how to make alloys of copper, and the Bronze Age began. It could also be used as binding agents and adhesives. New Page 1. Posted on September 30, 2020 by . HJG Van Zyl - 18300111, https://www2.chemistry.msu.edu/faculty/reusch/virttxtjml/polymers.htm, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenol_formaldehyde_resin, http://www.elvenkrafte.com/bakelite%20presentation.htm, https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/education/whatischemistry/landmarks/bakelite.html, https://global.britannica.com/science/Bakelite. Some of the reinforcing fillers like wood flour, pulp of cotton, mica, gypsum, asbestos are added to resins of molding such as Bakelite. In the initial process of synthesizing, Bakelite involves in the phenol and formaldehyde heating in the presence of catalysts such as hydrochloric acid, ammonia, and zinc chloride. The dielectric constant of Bakelite lies in the range of 4.4{\rm{4}}{\rm{.4}}4.4 to 5.4{\rm{5}}{\rm{.4}}5.4. (2016). Explore Alibaba.com for structure of bakelite that meet all quality expectations. Bakelite was the first FRP discovered by Dr. Baekeland. Bakelite is a Polymer made up of the Monomers Phenol and Formaldehyde. In the structure of Bakelite, the phenol and formaldehyde are cross-linked. Bakelite deforms permanently and retains its shape after being heated and moulded. Captions. The reaction has to be carried out in pressure else the formed product will be brittle and the density of the material would be less. Curing is process which leads in the toughening of polymers and hardening of polymers by producing chains of cross-linked polymers. Structure Bakelite is an early polymer, comprised of a phenol-formaldehyde mixture, with Phenol being derived from coal tar, and Formaldehyde derived from methanol. The monomers that are required in the formation of Bakelite are formaldehyde and phenol. Bakelite is abrand named material based on the thermosetting phenol formaldehyde resin polyoxybenzylmethylenglycolanhydride, developed in 1907–1909 by Dr. Leo Baekeland. [2] The reason for mixing the pure resin with fillers is to enhance certain physical properties that will be desired in the material’s final state. CBSE > Class 12 > Chemistry 2 answers; Jd Chouhan 1 year ago (C6H6 o CH2o)X 0 Thank You. Examples of these fillers include: asbestos, wood flour, fabric, paper, and cellulose. Change ), NT Conradie - 19673418 Due to the adverse properties of Bakelite, it could be used for several applications: As Bakelite is a good insulator, Bakelite is utilized in non-conducting parts of radios and several electronic devices such as switches, sockets, wire insulation, brake pads, etc. In the presence of cross-linking agent, Novolac goes through cross-linking process form Bakelite. This content has been hidden. Water and steam are then drawn off as the mixture cools, and a viscous brown resin remains. Il peut être peint dans des couleurs différentes. Maneet Singh 5 months, 1 week ago. Release date: 22 November 2012 [6] Bakelite was the first truly synthetic, as well as the first commercially produced, synthetic resin. English. After this final setting of the material it will not be possible to heat and reshape it again. Build flawless & robust structure of bakelite strong as an ox with aid of leading steel giants. Bakelite is used in making of jewelry. Bakelite First Synthetic Plastic – National Historic Chemical Landmark – American Chemical Society. To enhance the strength and properties of Bakelite, fillers are employed so that Bakelite could be used for several applications. ( Log Out / © 2003-2020 Chegg Inc. All rights reserved. The introduction of Bakelitethe worlds first synthetic plasticin 1907 marked the introduction of the Polymer Age. In general, the condensation polymer (or) phenolic resin is Bakelite. The trademark rights for this plastic are owned by a German company called Bakelite AG, in many countries. Bakeland was looking for a replacement for shellac. Bakelite, which is also known as a 'material of a thousand uses' is chemically called polyoxybenzyl methylene glycol anhydride. Figure 1 – The figure shows the chemical process whereby phenol and formaldehyde are mixed and heated in the presence of an alkaline catalyst. This is the chemical structure of Bakelite. They have excellent electrical insulating character. (2016). [online] Available at. Structure of BakeliteDue to its hardness and durability, it was considered as a material for making pennies in the United States during World War II, due to copper being needed for shell casings. If it gives off a formaldehyde smell, it is Bakelite. This phenol-formaldehyde resin is a thermosetting polymer. Le résultat final est formé sur la surface d'un film spécial constitué d'éléments organiques ou inorganiques. They are also called macromolecules. 3-D_Structure_of_Bakelite.png (563 × 548 pixels, file size: 16 KB, MIME type: image/png) File information. The orthohydroxylbenzyl alcohol results in the production of Novalac. [online] Available at: Encyclopedia Britannica. Today, objects made from Bakelite are considered highly collectible, although in its glory days of the 1930s and 1940s, it was seen as an inexpensive alternative to high-end jewelry materials such as jade and pearl. Bakelite has the tendency to mold so it is used for manufacturing of parts used in modern days. New York: Marshall Cavendish. The pressure and heat liquefy the resin again, forcing it to take the shape of the mould where it will harden into its final form in a few seconds. Bakelite has chemical formula of (C6H6OâCH2OH)n{\left( {{{\rm{C}}_{\rm{6}}}{{\rm{H}}_{\rm{6}}}{\rm{O - C}}{{\rm{H}}_{\rm{2}}}{\rm{OH}}} \right)_{\rm{n}}}(C6âH6âOâCH2âOH)nâ. Since Bakelite is a manufactured, synthetic plastic containing incredible amounts of formaldehyde, asbestos and other extremely toxic polymers, those who produced these desirable products, put themselves at risk. When fillers are added, the enhanced properties are, Higher electrical resistance, chemical resistance, and thermal resistance. These desired properties include: better mouldability, greater toughness and strength, and greater heat-, water-, chemical-, and shock-resistance. Phenol formaldehyde resins (PF) or phenolic resins are synthetic polymers obtained by the reaction of phenol or substituted phenol with formaldehyde.Used as the basis for Bakelite, PFs were the first commercial synthetic resins (plastics).They have been widely used for the production of molded products including billiard balls, laboratory countertops, and as coatings and adhesives. A condensation polymerization reaction of phenol and formaldehyde results in the formation of Bakelite. The condensation reaction of phenol and formaldehyde results in the product Bakelite. File; File history; File usage on Commons; File usage on other wikis; Metadata; No higher resolution available. Glacial Acetic acid: Harmful: Dilute acetic acid, in the form of vinegar, is harmless. Inventors and inventions. Because of its high resistance towards heat and electricity, it is used to manufacture in several electronic instruments, parts of automobile, and switches. History is shaped by the materials we develop and use. Bakelite. Once hard, it is crushed into a powder, which is then mixed with various fillers. Bakelite is the first synthetic plastic and is known as a “material of thousand uses” due to its versatile applications. Several patterns were made in 1942, but steel was used instead in 1943 and recycled shell casings in 1944 and 1945. S Meyer - 16719794 ( Log Out / An early compound that is made of mixture of phenol-formaldehyde is Bakelite. From Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository. Change ), You are commenting using your Google account. Red is one of the most popular colors of Bakelite jewelry with collectors. It appears as brown colour whereas it could be made in different types of colors that are bright. Yum. Phenol is obtained from coal tar, and formaldehyde is obtained from methanol. It is an example of thermosetting resin of phenol and formaldehyde. The presence of hydroxyl group attached to aromatic benzene ring is phenol and CH2{\rm{C}}{{\rm{H}}_{\rm{2}}}CH2â linked to the phenols indicates the presence of formaldehyde. Bakelite exhibits high resistance towards chemical action, heat, and electricity. He first produced a soluble phenol-formaldehyde resin called “Novolak,” which never became a market success. The preparation of Bakelite from condensation reaction of phenol and formaldehyde is written as. Bakelite, which is also known as a 'material of a thousand uses' is chemically called polyoxybenzyl methylene glycol anhydride. Structure of Bakelite Report ; Posted by Utpal Nath 1 year ago. The commercial name of phenol formaldehyde resin is Bakelite. Bakelite is another name for phenolic resin, an early form of plastic. [4], Image: https://www2.chemistry.msu.edu/faculty/reusch/virttxtjml/polymers.htm, Figure 2 – A three-dimensional representation of the cross-linked product of phenol and formaldehyde. Polymers. (2016). Material Science A244, M&M Engineering Department, University of Stellenbosch, Bakelite is an early polymer, comprised of a phenol-formaldehyde mixture, with Phenol being derived from coal tar, and Formaldehyde derived from methanol. Bakelite in solid colors is the most recognizable type even without employing testing measures. [online] Available at: Anon, (2016). Experiment # 1: Preparation of Bakelite. Learn about the Structure, Properties, and Uses of Bakelite and How it is Made. Muhammad Usman (2008-chem-02-B) Properties of required chemicals: 1. The fact that Bakelite is unaffected by heat in this way classifies it as a thermoset.[5]. Date: 28-09-10. For protective uses and as coating in industry, Bakelite could be used. The cost of molding gets reduced when inert filler is added. A substance which has a molecular structure built completely from a large number of similar units bonded together known as polymers. An early compound that is made of mixture of phenol-formaldehyde is Bakelite. We are surrounded by objects, most of which, some way or … It contains phenol, formaldehyde and a wood flour filler. Its chemical name is phenolic. JJ Rossouw - 18961371 It was developed by the Belgian-American chemist Leo Baekeland in Yonkers, New York, in 1907. Centuries later the Iron Age introduced iron as the material of choice. Buttons, impeller of washing machine, kitchenware, toys, and several other objects are made using Bakelite. The condensation reaction of the two reactants are carried out in controlled basic medium (or) acidic medium leads to the formation of ortho and parahydroxymethyl derivatives of phenol. So, it is known as thermosetting plastic.
It is a thermosetting phenol formaldehyde resin, formed from a condensation reaction of phenol with formaldehyde. ( Log Out / Run the piece under hot tap water. Bakelite could be readily molded, and therefore, it could be used in producing different products. (2008). The resin in stage A can also be cured by itself for a long time. Value of Old Plastic Jewelry . Bakelite could be made into several colors, because of its ability to make into several colors. Bakelite is made up of Phenol and formaldehyde. We cannot deny the presence of polymers in our lives. It is a thermosetting phenol-formaldehyde resin formed by the condensation reaction of phenol with formaldehyde. Formed by the reaction under heat and pressure of phenol and formaldehyde, generally with a wood flour filler, it was the first plastic made from synthetic components. Structured data. Mark describes the structure of Bakelite and how the links between molecules mean that it will not melt at higher temperatures (like celluloid did before it). When heated Bakelite is malleable, it could be made into liquid. It is a thermosetting phenol formaldehyde resin, formed from a condensation reaction of phenol with formaldehyde. Its structure is made up of extensively cross-linked chains, which stop the chains from unfolding. The dangerous nature of Bakelite is from different sources: manufacturing, collecting and disposing. Bakelite is a thermosetting plastic. When chemists began to recognize that many natural resins and fibers were polymers, Baekeland investigated the reactions of phenol and formaldehyde. The result is a hard and tough material that is unaffected by heat, electricity, water, chemicals, most acids, and has an incredibly wide range of applications. Bakelite is an item a jewelry collector should keep an eye out for considering how prices have risen over the last few decades. On cooling, it turns out to be rigid and hard permanently. [1], Image: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenol_formaldehyde_resin. The chemical process and the final atomic structure of Bakelite are shown in Figures 1 and 2 respectively. This resin is then poured into containers and is left to harden. Because Bakelite is easily shaped it is used in many different ways and in many different shapes and sizes. [2] The new mixture is then forced into heated moulds under high pressure. In mounting of samples of metal in metallography, Bakelite are used. [online] Available at: Wikipedia. In the structure of Bakelite, the phenol and formaldehyde are cross-linked. Phenol is obtained from coal tar, and formaldehyde is obtained from methanol. Shellac is made from the excretion of Kerria Lacca insects (lac bugs). File:3-D Structure of Bakelite.png. The steps of reaction involved in the formation of Bakelite are. Bakelite can also be tested using the “hot water” method. [2] The natural physical appearance of Bakelite is a brown/amber iridescent lustre. However, ingestion of stronger solutions is dangerous to human and animal life. [6], When phenol (C6H6O), which is an organic compound[1] and a common disinfectant[3], is mixed with formaldehyde (CH2O) in the presence of an alkali catalyst and heat[2], an exothermic reaction results. bakelite structure. The initial product of this reaction is linear product called Novolac (which is used in paints). The systematic name of bakelite is polyoxybenzylmethylenglycolanhydride. The most readily found colors are yellow, ranging from butter yellow to dark butterscotch, followed by various shades of green. A hard, infusible, and chemically resistant plastic, Bakelite was based on a chemical combination of phenol and formaldehyde (phenol-formaldehyde resin), two compounds that were derived from coal tar and wood alcohol (methanol), respectively, at that time. Several bracelets, bangles, earrings which are colorful are made by Bakelite. What to learn next based on college curriculum. Bakelite is derived by the polymerization of formaldehyde and phenol. The synthetic components present in Bakelite are phenol and formaldehyde. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. Change ), You are commenting using your Twitter account. Baekeland discovered that carefully controlling the speed of the reaction between phenol and formaldehyde produced a mouldable resin. It is a thermosetting phenol-formaldehyde resin formed by the condensation reaction of phenol with formaldehyde. 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Out for considering how prices have risen over the last few decades recycled shell in. Phenol-Formaldehyde resin called “ Novolak, ” which never became a market success your WordPress.com account //www2.chemistry.msu.edu/faculty/reusch/virttxtjml/polymers.htm... Or click an icon to Log in: You are commenting using your account... Employed so that Bakelite is a thermosetting phenol-formaldehyde resin formed by the polymerization of formaldehyde and phenol & structure! The presence of polymers are polythene, Bakelite could be made into liquid whereas it be... 2 answers ; Jd Chouhan 1 year ago thousand uses ’ your Twitter account produced., collecting and disposing hydroxyl groups in their structure is flagged, it could be into! File information about the structure, properties, and electricity on heating with formaldehyde is Bakelite, formaldehyde and....
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